May 05, 2024  
2017-2018 Academic Catalogue 
    
2017-2018 Academic Catalogue [ARCHIVED CATALOGUE]

Courses of Instruction


  

Topics Courses  

 

Russian

  
  • RUS 181 - Introduction to Russian Culture through Literature and Film (W) (1)

    Examination of works of literature and film that reveal historical and contemporary trends in Russian culture, with an emphasis on Russia’s relationship to its past and to other cultures. Conducted in English. Alternate years.  Same course as RSS 181 . Alternate years.
    (Writing Requirement)
  
  • RUS 205 - Intermediate Russian (1)

    Continued development of linguistic competence and cultural literacy. Students will use both textbooks and materials from the Internet to improve their skills. Prerequisite: RUS 103 .
    (Language)
  
  
  • RUS 282 - Topic: Russian Spies & Statesmen in Their Own Words (1)

    How do Russian spies and politicians tell their stories? How do they express a sense of personal and national identity? What do they think about other countries and Russia’s standing in the world? In this course we’ll analyze memoirs and autobiographical works of a number of Russians, including Vladimir Putin, who have been involved in politics and the intelligence services. We’ll explore how they represent themselves and their country, how much of their activities they choose to reveal, and what questions they leave unanswered. All readings and discussions are in English.
    Humanities
  
  
  
  • RUS 301 - Composition and Conversation (1)

    Practice in reading, writing, listening, and speaking, and introduction to complex grammatical structures. Compositions and discussions on a variety of topics using various materials. Prerequisite: RUS 205 . Alternate years.
  
  • RUS 302 - Contemporary Currents (1)

    Practice in reading, writing, listening, and speaking in Russian with an emphasis on the use of complex grammatical structures. Course materials will focus on contemporary culture. Prerequisite: RUS 205 . Offered every third year.
  
  • RUS 303 - Language in Context (1)

    Practice in reading, writing, listening, and speaking using a variety of authentic materials from contemporary sources, such as on-line magazines and newspapers, films, interviews, and letters. Emphasis on building vocabulary and comprehension of complex grammatical structures. Prerequisite: RUS 205 . Alternate years.
    (Language)
  
  • RUS 311 - Nineteenth Century Russian Literature (in Russian) (1)

    Introduction to Russian literature of the nineteenth century, with readings of works by representative writers. Conducted in Russian. Prerequisite: RUS 301  or RUS 303 . Offered subject to availability of faculty
    (Humanities)
  
  • RUS 312 - Twentieth Century Russian Literature (in Russian) (1)

    Introduction to Russian literature of the twentieth century, with readings of works by representative writers. Conducted in Russian. Prerequisite: RUS 301  or RUS 303 . Offered subject to availability of faculty.
    (Humanities)
  
  • RUS 341 - Classics - 19th Century Russian Literature in English (1)

    Examination of major writers and trends from the period when Russia produced some of the greatest works of literature in the world. Texts include Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin, Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground, and Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina. Conducted in English. Prerequisite: Writing-designated course (W). Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  • RUS 351 - Change and Revolution in Russian Literature (in English) (1)

    Examination of major works of pre- and post-revolutionary Russian fiction, poetry, and drama from the period 1880-1932, with a focus on the theme of society in transition. Writers include Chekhov, Gorky, and Mayakovsky. Conducted in English. Prerequisite: Writing-designated course (W). Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  • RUS 355 - Soviet and Post-Soviet Russian Literature and Film (in English) (1)

    Examination of major trends in literature and film during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Literary texts include Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita, and Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago. Films include Ballad of a Soldier, The Cranes are Flying, and The Thief. Conducted in English. Prerequisite: Writing-designated course (W). Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  
  • RUS 384 - Russia Today (1)

    The current scene in Russia. Registration, when the course is taught in Russia, entails additional costs. Same course as RSS 384 . Offered subject to availability of faculty.
    (CR)
  
  
  • RUS 391 - Tutorial in Russian (1)

    Supervised reading in Russian literature and/or civilization, with discussions and compositions based on the reading. Conducted in Russian. Prerequisites: RUS 205  and permission of instructor.
  
  
  • RUS 485 - Senior Capstone (1)

    Reading, research, and writing in Russian and in English on a topic developed in consultation with the program advisor. Prerequisites: senior standing and permission of instructor. Same course as RSS 485 .
  
  
  
  • RUS 501 - Theatre in Russian (1/4)

    Group reading, discussion, and preparation of one or more Russian plays. Rehearsals and performances in Russian. Prerequisites: knowledge of Russian and permission of instructor. Same course as RSS 501 .
    (CR)
  
  • RUS 511 - Russian Reading and Conversation Group (1/4)

    Maintenance of Russian language skills through reading and conversation. Same course as RSS 511 .
    (CR)

Spanish

  
  • SPA 101 - Beginning Spanish I (1)

    Essentials of grammar stressing skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing with classroom activities promoting conversational skills. Short readings for cultural awareness and vocabulary development.
    (Language)
  
  • SPA 102 - Beginning Spanish II (1)

    Essentials of grammar stressing skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing with classroom activities promoting conversational skills. Short readings for cultural awareness and vocabulary development.
    (Language)
  
  • SPA 103 - Beginning Spanish III (1)

    Essentials of grammar stressing skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing with classroom activities promoting conversational skills. Short readings for cultural awareness and vocabulary development.
    (Language)
  
  • SPA 109 - Topics in Hispanic Literature and Culture (in English) (1)

    Seminar for first year students only. Intensive engagement with a topic in Hispanic cultural or literary studies. Taught in English. See Topics Courses .
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 201 - Basic Spanish (1)

    Independent, supervised study for students at the beginning or intermediate level who wish to improve their skills in reading, writing, speaking, and understanding Spanish in an approved language school in Latin America or Spain. Students take a placement test before and after the term and the department assigns credit at a level reflecting students’ accomplishments. Consult with Spanish faculty for additional information.
    (CR)
  
  • SPA 205 - Topics and Encounters in Hispanic Cultures (1)

    Topics in Hispanic literature, culture, history, and film, taught in Spanish at the intermediate level. Students will apply their basic language skills in a variety of different contexts, from studying a topic in the target language to having regular interactions with native speakers in U.S. communities off-campus or via online virtual communities. Prerequisite: SPA 103 .
    (Language)
  
  • SPA 206 - Spanish Cultural Immersion (Intermediate Spanish Abroad) (1)

    Taught in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, and Guatemala, students will develop their knowledge of Spanish language and culture in a classroom setting, in daily interactions with native speakers from the local community, and in excursions to culturally rich sites. Includes a homestay. Registration entails additional costs. Prerequisites: SPA 103  and permission of instructor. Offered two out of three years.
  
  
  
  
  • SPA 301 - Advanced Grammar and Composition (1)

    Intensive practice in writing in Spanish in combination with a study of Spanish grammar that concentrates on those aspects of the language which are challenging for the advanced student. Emphasis on expanding vocabulary and developing writing fluency. Required of all Spanish majors. Prerequisite: SPA 205  or SPA 206 .
  
  • SPA 302 - Advanced Conversation Abroad (1)

    Taught in Guatemala and designed for students who wish to achieve a higher level of fluency and a comprehensive understanding of life in Guatemala. Includes a homestay with a local family. Registration entails additional costs. Prerequisites: SPA 205  or SPA 206  and permission of instructor. Offered two out of three years.
  
  • SPA 303 - Advanced Spanish Abroad (1)

    Alternative to SPA 302  for advanced students who wish to study Spanish on their own in an approved language school in Latin America or Spain. Intended for students interested in achieving a high level of fluency and a comprehensive understanding of life in a Hispanic country. Includes a homestay. Registration entails additional costs. Prerequisites: SPA 205  or SPA 206  and permission of the Department.
  
  • SPA 311 - Introduction to Textual Analysis (1)

    Development of reading strategies and skills needed for analyzing and understanding literary texts. Organized around a topic, literary genre, period, or major writer and chosen to meet the needs of students who are just beginning upper-level coursework in Spanish. Special attention given to vocabulary development and to the advanced grammar required for understanding literary/cultural texts. Required of all Spanish majors. Prerequisite: SPA 301 , SPA 302 ,or SPA 303 .
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 320 - Madrid: Pop of Culture (1)

    After the death of the dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, the country of Spain experienced a boom of liberation that expressed itself in numerous artistic forms.  This 300-level course will have Madrid as its focus as we trace the cultural, literary, and artistic productions produced in the 1980s.  The class will analyze novels, films, music, and plays produced by Madrid-born men and women of this generation.  Prerequisite: SPA 311   
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 323 - Sex, Gore and the Power of the Pen: 16th and 17th Century (Con)Textual Relationships (1)

    This 300-level course explores the themes of sex, honor, power-relations, politics, and gender in 16th-17th Century Spain.  We will read works in various genres from several of the most iconic authors from the period, including Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, and María de Zayas.  Prerequisite: SPA 311  . Offered every third year. 
    (Humanities/Taught in Spain)
  
  • SPA 325 - Collateral Cultures: Voices from the Periphery (1)

    This 300-level course gives voice to the minority languages and cultures that inhabit the Iberian Peninsula.  With over one-fourth of present-day Spaniards speaking a language other than Castilian on a daily basis, an analysis of the works produced by these decentralized voices is necessary to understand the complex racial, cultural, and historical dynamics at play. Translated novels and films by Catalonian, Basque, Galician, and Arabic authors will be the focus of the class.   Prerequisite: SPA 311   Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 350 - Identity and Alterity in Latin American Literature (1)

    This course is a survey of Latin American literature from the colonial period to the present day. Emphasis will be placed on identity formation and the intricate relation between literature and the development of the modern nation in Spanish America.  Prerequisite: SPA 311. Offered every third year. 
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 353 - Revolution and Resistance in Caribbean Literature and Culture (1)

    This course offers an in-depth look at the history of political and ethnic resistance through the lens of cultural production. Particular attention will be placed on Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. Prerequisite: SPA 311. Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 357 - The Boom and Post-Boom in Latin America (1)

    This class analyzes the explosive literary phenomenon of the 60s and 70s known as the “Boom.” Students will read a selection of works by authors such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Julio Cortázar, and Carlos Fuentes with an emphasis on magic realism. Furthermore, we will explore literary trends that follow the Boom generation.   Prerequisite: SPA 311. Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  
  • SPA 383 - Latinos in the U.S. (1)

    Origins, development, and significance of various aspects of Latino life in the United States. Prerequisite: SPA 311 . Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 384 - Women in the Hispanic World (1)

    This course offers an introduction to women’s role in Hispanic society and culture, exploring the contrast of both “traditional” and “modern” voices. Topics range from women in literature and arts, women and political repression, gender and sexuality, exile and migration, criticism of gender roles in the Hispanic World, and mass-media portrayals of women. Prerequisite: SPA 311. Offered every third year. 
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 385 - Latin American Culture and Civilization (1)

    Study of the most important cultural and political issues in Latin American civilization from Columbus to the present day. Chronicles, essays, and public speeches provide the main texts and sources of information for discussions. Prerequisite: SPA 311 . Offered every third year.
    (Humanities)
  
  
  
  • SPA 411 - Seminar (1)

    In-depth studies in the literature and culture of Spain and Latin America. Prerequisites: at least three 300-level Spanish courses above SPA 311 . May be repeated once for credit if topics are different.
    (Humanities)
  
  • SPA 412 - Advanced Field Research in Spanish (1)

    A capstone experience intended for students with a double major in Spanish and another department. Assumes junior or senior standing in both majors, entails field research using the target language in a Spanish-speaking country, and a final written and/or public presentation of findings in Spanish. Prerequisites: at least three 300-level Spanish courses above SPA 311 . Prerequisites in the second major: completion of 2/3 of the required course work toward the second major and a research methods course (if the second major is in the social sciences). Arrangements must be made with instructor prior to registration.
  
  
  
  • SPA 501 - Theatre in Spanish-Workshop (1/4)

    Group reading, discussion, and preparation of one or more Latin American or Spanish plays, with attention to meaning, interpretation, staging, and costuming. Rehearsals and performances in Spanish. Prerequisites: knowledge of Spanish and permission of instructor.
    (CR)
  
  • SPA 511 - Spanish Reading and Conversation Group (1/4)

    Maintenance of Spanish language skills through reading and conversation.
    (CR)
  
  • SPA 941 - Costa Rica: Studies in Latin American Culture and Society (1)

    see ACM Programs .
  
  • SPA 942 - Costa Rica: Tropical Field Research (1)

    see ACM Programs .

English as a Second Language

  
  • ESL 103 - Elementary English as a Second Language (1)

    Rapid survey of English grammar. Intensive drills designed to improve practical skills in reading, writing, listening comprehension, and speaking. Continued practice in writing paragraphs. Discussions about American culture and history.
  
  • ESL 204 - Intermediate English as a Second Language I (1)

    For students with an intermediate proficiency in English. Continued acquisition of language skills. Review of English grammar. Readings emphasize American culture. Daily short writing assignments. Introduction to the library, note taking, and paraphrasing. Prerequisite: ESL 103 .
  
  • ESL 205 - Intermediate English as a Second Language II (1)

    Continued grammar review. Greater emphasis on extensive reading. Practice in expository writing, paraphrasing, and summaries. Introduction to annotated writing. Prerequisite: ESL 204 .
  
  • ESL 306 - Advanced English as a Second Language (1)

    For students with a minimal or a partial academic proficiency in English. Instruction in writing expository and argumentative prose. Practice in writing a short research paper. Readings in academic subjects. The class may visit other courses. Prerequisite: ESL 205 .
  

Classical Studies

  
  
  
  

Computer Science

  
  • CSC 131 - The Beauty and Joy of Computing (1)

    Computing has changed the world in profound ways. It has opened up wonderful new ways for people to connect, design, research, play, create, and express themselves. This course will focus on some of the “Big Ideas” of computing that have changed the world and consider where it will go in the future. We will discuss the challenges and implications of computer technology, including the responsibilities of those who design and use computer systems. Students will learn a bit about computer programming and a lot about writing at the college level. The lab portion of the course will introduce students to computer programming using App Inventor, a friendly programming language for building Android applications. Students will engage in several different types of academic writing and connect with the many academic resources available for Cornell students. 
    (First Year Seminar)
  
  • CSC 131-1 - The Beauty & Joy of Computing (FYS) (1)

    Computing has changed the world in profound ways. It has opened up wonderful new ways for people to connect, design, research, play, create, and express themselves. This course will focus on some of the “Big Ideas” of computing that have changed the world and consider where it will go in the future. We will discuss the challenges and implications of computer technology, including the responsibilities of those who design and use computer systems. Students will learn a bit about computer programming and a lot about writing at the college level. The lab portion of the course will introduce students to computer programming using App Inventor, a friendly programming language for building Android applications. Students will engage in several different types of academic writing and will conduct their own research projects. Students will be expected to enroll in an online learning community and will receive ¼ additional adjunct course credit for their participation during the fall semester. SOWELL
    (FYS)
  
  • CSC 140 - Foundations of Computer Science (1)

    This course introduces students to problems that engage the interests of computer scientists and define the field. The course introduces students to object-oriented design, a principal discipline that computer scientists use to solve problems. Students learn to divide large problems into small problems, bundle related data with methods that operate on that data, and incorporate into new designs elements of previously completed designs. The course emphasizes creative expression using an abstract notation. Students practice designing, writing, testing, and presenting programs. Success in the course does not require previous programming experience.
  
  • CSC 144 - Software Architecture (1)

    Disciplined design, coding, and testing of substantial programs. Specification of relationships among components of a program using composition and inheritance. Discernment of a client’s requirements. Evaluation of the communication between a computer program and its human user. Prerequisite: CSC 140 .
  
  • CSC 151 - Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science (1)

    Logic, algorithms, combinatorics, trees, graphs, and other topics from discrete mathematics used in computer science. Prerequisite: 3-1/2 years of high school mathematics.
    (Mathematics)
  
  • CSC 218 - Computer Organization (1)

    A view of the layers in the design of modern computers that begins at the level of individual logic gates, and progresses upward through elementary circuits, the design of a microprocessor, and programming at the lowest levels. An examination of costs and advantages gained by shifting functions from hardware to software, or vice versa. Prerequisites: CSC 140  and CSC 151 .
  
  • CSC 222 - Geographic Information Systems (1)

    This course introduces students to computer science through a study of one of its important applications. Through work on projects related to their major fields of interest, students will learn how to use the visualization and statistical functions of geographic information systems as aids in making decisions. Students will learn how to represent, analyze, and display geographic data. Case studies will familiarize students with applications of the technology in the natural sciences, public policy, business, and other fields. Readings, discussions, and exercises will acquaint students with current standards, available tools, significant achievements, and the potential for the future development of geographic information systems.
  
  • CSC 223 - Introduction to Data Science 1

    Managing and interpreting an overwhelming amount of raw data is part of the foundation of our information society and economy. People use computers and statistics to translate, process, and visualize raw data, enabling new understandings that in turn contribute new knowledge to the world. Data Science is a newly developing field that merges ideas from both statistics and computer science to address these issues.  In this course statistics will inform the discussion about what appropriate goals are for learning from the data and how the data will answer the questions raised. The computer science perspective will help us figure out which goals are actually feasible computationally, and how to achieve them. Prerequisites: STA 201  or CSC 140 .  Crosslisted with STA 223 
  
  • CSC 230 - Database Technologies for Analytics (1)

    An introduction to elements of relational database design and query with an emphasis on Structured Query Language (SQL). Introduction to data mining including data interchange, filtering, scraping, and cleaning. Working with Big Data using NoSQL technology. This course meets half time in a classroom for lecture/discussion and half time in a computer lab for hands on experience with the software systems.
  
  • CSC 270 - Electronic Instrumentation (1)

    Prerequisites: PHY 142  or PHY 162 , or permission of instructor. Same course as EGR 270  (see for course description).
  
  • CSC 280 - Internship in Computer Science (1)

    Participation in a computer-related area such as working with a business, government, or other appropriate institution under the direction of the organization’s leaders and a faculty supervisor. The maximum credit that may be earned in a Computer Science internship is two term credits. See Additional Academic Opportunities , All-College Independent Study Courses 280/380. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing; at least two 300-level Computer Science courses; approval by the faculty supervisor, the participating institution, and the Department.
    (CR)
  
  
  
  • CSC 301 - Algorithms and Data Structures (1)

    Measurements of complexity. Comparison of methods for searching and sorting data. Alternative ways of organizing data in lists, tables, and trees. Prerequisites: CSC 140 , CSC 144 , and CSC 151  .
  
  • CSC 311 - Systems Software (1)

    Process scheduling and synchronization, interprocess communication, allocation of memory and disk space. Creation and use of software, libraries, tools, and methods for the production of efficient, reliable software. Prerequisites: CSC 144  and CSC 218 . Alternate years.
  
  • CSC 314 - Data Management Systems (1)

    Concepts and structures necessary to design and implement a database management system. Relational and object database models. Prerequisites: CSC 144  and CSC 151 . Alternate years.
  
  • CSC 315 - Programming Language Concepts (1)

    Principles of design and implementation of high-level programming languages. Language definition structure, run-time behavior. Alternative programming paradigms, including functional languages. Programming examples from selected languages. Prerequisites: CSC 144  and CSC 151 . Alternate years.
  
  • CSC 317 - Computer Networks (1)

    In this course, students examine the challenges of communication through dynamic networks, including the challenges of routing messages and making communication reliable and secure. The top-down approach begins with a study of application level protocols (application level protocols govern, for example, communication through the Web and via e-mail) and proceeds to a study of the lower level transport and network layer TCP/IP protocols that are at the heart of the Internet. At the still lower link layer, students explore methods for resolving addresses and allowing multiple access on local area networks. Measurement, analysis, and simulation of networks in the laboratory. Prerequisites: CSC 140 , CSC 151 , and CSC 218 . Classical and Modern Languages
  
  • CSC 321 - Computer Graphics (1)

    Introduction to the concepts and algorithms of computer graphics. Architecture of display systems, 2D and 3D geometry and algorithms, viewing transformations, interactive techniques, color concepts. Prerequisite: CSC 301 . Alternate years.
  
  • CSC 356 - Advanced Topic: Virtual Reality (1)

    This course focuses on the field of virtual reality, bringing together research and application of methodology from computer graphics, tracking systems, perceptual psychology and other fields to develop immersive virtual reality experiences. This course is a combination of state-of-art reading and discussions, focused exercises and problem-solving sessions in virtual reality technology and applications, and a group project that includes the design, development, and evaluation of a virtual reality experience. Prerequisites: CSC 140  and CSC 151 .
  
  • CSC 380 - Internship in Computer Science (1)

    Participation in a computer-related area such as working with a business, government, or other appropriate institution under the direction of the organization’s leaders and a faculty supervisor. The maximum credit that may be earned in a Computer Science internship is two term credits. See Additional Academic Opportunities , All-College Independent Study Courses 280/380. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing; at least two 300-level Computer Science courses; approval by the faculty supervisor, the participating institution, and the Department.
    (CR)
  
  
  
  
  
  • CSC 511 - Extended Research in Computer Science (1/4)

    Reading coupled with research on a specialized topic. This adjunct course must be taken over four successive terms. Prerequisites: departmental GPA of 3.0 or higher, prior completion of one course in the Department at or above the 200 level, and permission of instructor.
    (CR)
  
  • CSC 512 - Professional Practice in Computer Science (1/4)

    Each student will gain experience in the iterative development of software through all stages of development, in presentations of a project to their peers, and in the review of their peers’ projects. Success will require application of knowledge and skills acquired in several core and elective courses. This practice solving problems like those encountered in industry and advanced study will prepare students for the challenges and opportunities that await them after graduation. Students should consult with an advisor in the department before beginning the course. In this course, students should plan on improving a project begun and substantially completed in another course. That other course may be taken concurrently. The course involves meeting twice each term for a total of 12 hours per semester and approximately 24 hours of work outside of class. Is repeatable once for credit. Prerequisites: CSC 140 , CSC 144 , CSC 151 , CSC 218 , CSC 301 . Students should take this course during (or after) the year in which they complete other requirements for the major.
    (CR)

Economics and Business

  
  • ECB 101 - Macroeconomics (1)

    Basic macroeconomic theory. Analytical evaluation of the determinants of national output, inflation, and unemployment. Examination of fiscal and monetary policies and issues in international trade and payments. Introduction of tools necessary to analyze economic models.
    (Social Science)
  
  • ECB 102 - Microeconomics (1)

    Basic microeconomic analysis of consumer choice, the business firm, and resource markets in labor, capital, and land. Analysis and critique of government policy in problem areas such as monopoly power and government regulations and expenditures. Prerequisite: two years of algebra in high school.
    (Social Science)
  
  • ECB 111 - Introduction to Business (1)

    This course introduces a core business function such as marketing, operations, talent management, or information systems. The course will illustrate relevant social science theory in the context of business practice. The specific area of business will depend on the faculty instructor.
  
  • ECB 121 - Data Visualization (1)

    This course enables students to see stories in numbers. Students will work with business and economic data, students will identify central tendencies and patterns of dispersions. They will learn methods of exploring data and effectively communicating insights through appropriate graphical presentation.
  
  • ECB 121-1 - Data Visualization (FYS) (1)

    Businesses amass data at staggering rates. As a result, they aim to convert information into valuable insight. Data visualization is the most popular technique for generating insights. This course introduces methods for representing data for better comprehension and communication. It introduces students to visual perception and visual design principles. We will train our eyes to distinguish between effective and ineffective representations. Working specifically with business and economic data, students will locate central tendencies, patterns of dispersions, and anomalies. We also explore a range of graph media contrasting the fit among media, data type and message. Students will also be introduced to techniques for visualizing concepts or analytical graphing. Student projects will involve designing information dashboards. HEJEEBU
    (FYS)
  
  • ECB 151 - Financial Accounting (1)

    This course provides guidance in how to use accounting reports for financial analysis. The primary objective of this course is to understand and analyze financial statements including Balance Sheets, Income Statements, Statement of Cash Flows, and Statement of Retained Earnings. Objectives of financial accounting rather than bookkeeping techniques.
 

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